• Pyruvate dehydrogenase multienzyme complex PDHc catalyzes th

  2021-07-05

  

  Pyruvate dehydrogenase multienzyme complex (PDHc) catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate, and subsequently acetylates coenzyme A (CoA) to acetyl-CoA during the tricarboxylic Pseudo-UTP australia metabolic pathway using thiamine diphosphate (ThDP) and Mg2+ as cofactors. PDHc poses a key

• Although both DNA DSBs and DNA PK activity increase

  2021-07-05

  

  Although both DNA DSBs and DNA-PK activity increase with aging in skeletal muscle (Figure 1), we cannot conclude that aging-associated increase in DNA-PK activity is solely mediated by chromosomal breaks, as DNA-PK is also activated independently of chromosomal breaks by ROS (Li et al., 2014), which

• br Material and methods br Results br

  2021-07-05

  

  Material and methods Results Discussion Ligase IV is essential for the final ligation of DSBs through the NHEJ pathway. Its co-factor, XRCC4, has been shown to be important for increasing its activity and stability. Interaction between these two factors have been mapped to the linker region

• Diacylglycerol kinase was one of

  2021-07-05

  

  Diacylglycerol kinase was one of the hits identified from the RNAi screen. Diacylglycerol kinases are conserved across a punicalagin of species with more complex, multicellular organisms possessing several DGKs with differing protein domains, expression patterns and functions [61], [62], [63]. Some

• As a functional ETC is

  2021-07-05

  

  As a functional ETC is required for DHODH catalysis (Loffler, Jockel, Schuster, & Becker, 1997; Rawls, Knecht, Diekert, Lill, & Loffler, 2000; Zameitat, Freymark, Dietz, Loffler, & Bolker, 2007), DHODH depends on the mitochondrial ETC to generate adequate concentrations of ubiquinone (Fig. 2). Cells

• The aim of this study was to evaluate the role

  2021-07-05

  

  The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of aberrant methylation of promoter regions of tumor suppressor genes in the clonal evolution from MGUS to MM. Thus, we analyzed in MGUS, SMM, and symptomatic MM patients, the methylation status of 4 genes—p15, p16, p53, and DAPK—whose promoter hypermet

• By using the C elegans Matrisome Annotator tool

  2021-07-05

  

  By using the C. elegans Matrisome Annotator tool, we found substantial enrichment for matrisome zj to j in these data sets. Thus, re-analyzing -omic datasets with the C. elegans Matrisome Annotator tool may be useful to generate novel hypotheses about the role of the C. elegans matrisome for variou

• Two nutrient sensing pathways the cAMP protein

  2021-07-05

  

  Two nutrient-sensing pathways, the cAMP-protein kinase A (PKA) pathway and the target of rapamycin complex 1 (TORC1) pathway, are implicated in Msn2/4 regulation. Under non-stress conditions, Msn2 localizes in the cytoplasm and is inactivated by both PKA-dependent phosphorylation of the nuclear loca

• br Acknowledgements br Introduction Water and

  2021-07-05

  

  Acknowledgements Introduction Water and electrolytes constitute an integral part of all living things, and gsk3 inhibitor governing their movements play important roles in a wide variety of physiological and/or pathophysiological processes. Given the importance of channel proteins in cancer c

• br Materials and methods br

  2021-07-05

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion PKA and Epac are two principal effector proteins involved in cAMP signaling; they are expressed in a wide range of tissues and control diverse biological functions [10]. The existence of two cAMP effectors provides more precise regulation of cAMP sig

• Key molecules in the EP second messenger signaling

  2021-07-05

  

  Key molecules in the EP1 second messenger signaling cascade that are necessary for potentiation of GluK2/GluK5 were identified. We also identified three GluK5 serines located in a membrane-proximal C-terminal domain that, when mutated to the phosphomimetic aspartate and expressed with GluK2, rendere

• br Conclusions br Acknowledgements This

  2021-07-05

  

  Conclusions Acknowledgements This work was supported by the Science and Technology Planning Projects of Guangdong Province (2014A020210027); the Major Scientific Research Projects of Universities in Guangdong Province (2016KZDXM042); the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (2015A0

• As an endogenous negative modulator CRBN inhibits

  2021-07-05

  

  As an endogenous negative modulator, CRBN inhibits AMPK’s activation (phosphorylation of Thr172) by directly binding to the α-subunit of AMPK, disrupting γ-subunit recruitment to the AMPK complex (Lee et al., 2011, Lee et al., 2013). In our study, we did not focus on AMPK activation, since only a si

• br Funding This work was supported by a research grant

  2021-07-03

  

  Funding This work was supported by a research grant of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SCHN477-9-2 to R.S.S), the Manfred-Stolte-Stiftung (to R.S.S.) and by a research grant from the German Cancer Aid (Deutsche Krebshilfe, No. 106696/TP 5 to T.F.). Introduction Death-associated protein k

• Group B phytocystatins are also expressed in caryopses Altho

  2021-07-03

  

  Group B phytocystatins are also expressed in caryopses. Although their expression patterns during germination are similar to those of the group A inhibitors, their expression patterns during seed development vary, indicating that they play different roles in the latter process. The highest levels of

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