• br Cell origin The ontogeny of astrocytes

  2022-04-08

  

  Cell origin The ontogeny of astrocytes in vitro has been investigated in detail; Raff et al. (1983) characterised two types of astrocytes: type 1 being fibroblast-like in morphology and poorly labelled with a monoclonal antibody (AB25), whereas type 2 exhibited oligodendrocyte or neuron-like morp

• In conclusion enhanced glucagon action of

  2022-04-08

  

  In conclusion, enhanced glucagon action of the beta cell results in improved beta cell function after glucose stimulation, but simultaneously dissociated responses to both glucose-dependent and non-glucose secretagogues evolve. This shows that the glucagon receptor is complexly involved in beta cell

• Considerable evidence links sustained GCG administration to

  2022-04-08

  

  Considerable evidence links sustained GCG administration to the reduction of food intake, enhancement of energy expenditure and weight loss in rodent and human studies [16], [17], [18]. Moreover, patients presenting with GCG-producing tumors frequently manifest severe weight loss, through mechanisms

• br Introduction Glucose homeostasis is primarily regulated b

  2022-04-08

  

  Introduction Glucose homeostasis is primarily regulated by the hormones insulin and glucagon, secreted from the pancreatic islets of Langerhans. Although insulin produced by β Fmoc-D-Lys(Boc)-OH is the blood glucose-lowering hormone, glucagon secreted from α cells acts as the major counter-regul

• It is generally considered that elevated blood

  2022-04-08

  

  It is generally considered that elevated blood glucose due to insulin resistance is an important factor in islet compensation to high fat feeding [27]. However, we have shown recently that insulin resistance induced in mice by hydrocortisone injection provokes significant islet A 205804 in the abse

• br Acknowledgments We would like to acknowledge

  2022-04-08

  

  Acknowledgments We would like to acknowledge Jenna Hall, Marita Rivir, Kathleen Smith, Joyce Sorrell, and Emily Yates for assistance with in vivo pharmacology studies. We would like to acknowledge Joe Chabenne and Steph Mowery for assistance with in vitro cell-based assays, and Patrick J. Knerr f

• br Conflict of interest br Acknowledgment M D

  2022-04-07

  

  Conflict of interest Acknowledgment M.D.P. lab is supported by the EPFL and Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF grant No. 200020_157153). Introduction As amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) accumulation in the GSK 650394 starts in the very early stages of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology (Bateman

• One effective approach to fine tuning

  2022-04-07

  

  One effective approach to fine-tuning the lipophilicity profile of FFA1 agonists is to ‘decorate’ the 3-phenylpropahoic moles to grams converter scaffold with polar heterocyclic moieties. Alternatively, this scaffold could be replaced with heterocyclic isosteres (as in Takeda’s compounds 1,2 and 3

• The investigation in vitro revealed that

  2022-04-07

  

  The investigation in vitro revealed that aldolase, as well as FBPase, has affinity to α-actinin, one of the structural protein of the Z-line (Rakus et al., 2003a, Mamczur et al., 2005). Therefore, the existence of in vivo heterologous complex, consisting of aldolase, FBPase and α-actinin has been po

• br Methods br Results We have previously used hex assays

  2022-04-07

  

  Methods Results We have previously used ß-hex assays in HeLa cevimeline to study the role of lysosomal exocytosis on transition metal clearance and the effects of transition metals on lysosomal exocytosis [26], [29], [40]. ß-hex is a lysosomal enzyme, the delivery of which to the extracellular

• The coenzyme S adenosylmethionine SAM binding pocket of

  2022-04-07

  

  The coenzyme S-adenosylmethionine (SAM)-binding pocket of Set7 is connected to the histone-tail binding groove by a conserved lysine-channel, similarly observed in vSET (Figures 2D and S3). The Set7 SAM-binding pocket is negatively charged as observed in other known HMTase structures. However, the b

• br Acknowledgments This study was financially supported by

  2022-04-07

  

  Acknowledgments This study was financially supported by National Science Center Poland grant No DEC-2011/02/A/NZ4/00031 (KKK), Jagiellonian University Medical College (Poland) grants: K/ZDS/007130 (SM) and K/ZDS/007131 (SM), COST Action CA15135 (DŁ, HS, KKK) and DFG INST 208/664-1 FUGG (HS). Than

• In our substudy patients carrying

  2022-04-07

  

  In our substudy, patients carrying the Ile/Val or Val/Val genotypes had significantly worse DFS compared to patients carrying the Ile/Ile genotype, after adjustment for potential confounders. Two previous studies examining the association between HER2 Ile655Val polymorphism and trastuzumab response

• FLAG Peptide RS testing has been extensively validated

  2022-04-07

  

  RS testing has been extensively validated in patients with early stage, ER+, HER2− patients. TAILORx, a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the role of adjuvant chemotherapy by RS, found no recurrence or survival benefit to the addition of chemotherapy to endocrine therapy in patients with inter

• br The hedgehog signalling pathway The canonical Hh pathway

  2022-04-07

  

  The hedgehog signalling pathway The canonical Hh pathway is a conserved, highly complex signalling cascade, with many players and intricate regulation. However, it can be simplified into four fundamental components: i) the ligand Hh, ii) the receptor Patched (Patch [PTCH1]), iii) the signal trans

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