• br Acknowledgements br Introduction Autoantibodies

  2024-08-02

  

  Acknowledgements Introduction Autoantibodies directed at neurotransmitter receptors and ion channels are pathogenic and/or biomarkers in several autoimmune neurological diseases [1]. For example, autoantibodies directed against voltage-gated potassium channels, the P/Q-type (α1A) voltage-gated

• Apoptosis or programmed cell death is

  2024-08-02

  

  Apoptosis or programmed cell death is a function of biochemical mechanisms, which are energy-dependent. It is considered to be a vital component of many processes such as normal cell cycle, immune mechanism, atrophy, embryonic development and toxin-induced cell death (Elmore, 2007). In addition, apo

• glycogen phosphorylase br Experimental protocols br Results

  2024-08-02

  

  Experimental protocols Results and discussion Conclusion 15-LOX-1 is an important mammalian lipoxygenase which plays an important role in the biosynthesis of leukotrienes, lipoxins and other signalling molecules. These signalling molecules play a regulatory role in several respiratory disea

• Given the recent discovery of

  2024-08-02

  

  Given the recent discovery of regions of single-stranded DNA in the nuclei of hypoxic cells, the role for ATR in the response to hypoxic stress seems clearer . Zou and Elledge demonstrated that both Ddc 2 (the homolog of ATRIP) and ATRIP have a lower affinity for double-strand breaks than they do f

• There are several AP binding sites

  2024-08-01

  

  There are several AP-1 mmp inhibitor in the sequence of TIMP-1 promoter [18,19]. EBV could up-regulate TIMP-1 expression by binding to the AP-1 site in the TIMP-1 promoter [18]. IL-32, a newly multi-function cytokine, could activate AP-1, NF-κβ, p38MAPK signal pathways, and induce cytokine expressi

• Later on Wayner Burton Ingold Barclay and Locke modified

  2024-08-01

  

  Later on, Wayner, Burton, Ingold, Barclay, and Locke (1987) modified the method by using lipid to examine the ability of an antioxidant hedgehog signaling protect against lipid peroxidation generated by azo-compound. It was later improved using β-phycoerythrin (β-PE) as a fluorescent probe, and the

• Indications that HMGA proteins are involved in

  2024-08-01

  

  Indications that HMGA proteins are involved in regulating the structure and function of large chromatin domains come from the early work of Saitoh and Laemmli [143]. Employing immunolocalization techniques, these workers demonstrated that HMGA1 proteins are co-localized with both histone H1 and the

• br AHR mediates TCDD toxicity and wasting

  2024-08-01

  

  AHR mediates TCDD toxicity and wasting syndrome TCDD causes numerous toxicities in laboratory animals, including teratogenesis, hepatic steatosis, thymic atrophy, immune dysfunction and a lethal wasting syndrome [17]. The dose-dependent sensitivity to TCDD-induced toxicities varies widely among l

• APPL was the first adaptor protein identified that interacts

  2024-08-01

  

  APPL1 was the first adaptor protein identified that interacts directly with adiponectin receptors [18]. A two-hybrid study by Dong and colleagues revealed that the C-terminal extracellular domain of AdipoR1 interacts with adiponectin, whereas the N-terminal cytoplasmic domain of AdipoR1 interacts wi

• REM sleep is proposed to create an environment to facilitate

  2024-08-01

  

  REM sleep is proposed to create an environment to facilitate plasticity processes that create a generalized downregulation of synaptic strength (Grosmark et al., 2012; Tononi and Cirelli, 2014), while synapses are upregulated specifically by the reactivation of neuronal firing sequences experienced

• The difficulty of characterizing nAChRs in the central nervo

  2024-08-01

  

  The difficulty of characterizing nAChRs in the central nervous system is also exemplified by early observations that nicotine caused no detectable effect when applied on a brain slice and it is only with the focal and high time resolution of more recent experiments that the effects of nicotinic neur

• Several alterations have been or

  2024-07-31

  

  Several alterations have been or can be associated to the decreased tolerance of steatotic liver to I/R injury. Previous studies demonstrated that upregulation of the mitochondrial uncoupling protein-2 (UP2) is strictly related to the increase of I/R injury in steatotic liver [4]. UPR induction is c

• We initially established using fMRI that

  2024-07-31

  

  We initially established using fMRI that auditory processing by the caudomedial nidopallium (NCM) of male European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) of species-specific aspects of songs (whistles and warblings i.e. high-pitched trills coming from the end of the warbling that are found in the repertoire o

• br Acknowledgment This study was supported

  2024-07-31

  

  Acknowledgment This study was supported by Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (KAKENHI) [grant number 15K15031]. Introduction Glioma is the leading malignancy of astrocyte origin in the brain. The most aggressive, invasive, and destructive glioma

• In a recent issue of Minokoshi and colleagues have

  2024-07-31

  

  In a recent issue of , Minokoshi and colleagues have added more light to our understanding of the role of hypothalamic AMPK in the regulation of energy balance. Previous seminal work from the same group suggested that AMPK in the PVH might be involved in the modulation of feeding . Here, they show

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